Authors - Rajni, Parminder Kaur, Harmandar Kaur Abstract - The current world is run by technology and network connections, which are indispensable parts of day-to-day life. Corporate organizations, the military, and the government have adopted automation, and computers connected to the network are being used for the storage and sharing of vital, highly confidential, and valuable information. Hence, is essential to prevent the attackers from exploiting the vulnerabilities for illegally accessing the crucial data. With increased dependency on the internet owing to the proliferation of technologies such as cloud computing, the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless communication, and social media networks, high security is required in cyberspace. Cybersecurity provides the methods used to protect sensitive information in cyberspace. Disturbed denial of services (DDoS), phishing, man-in-the-middle (MiTM), passwords, SQL injection, Cross-site scripting, malware, and drive-by download are a few types of cyberattacks. Traditional methods such as firewalls, intrusion detection systems, antivirus software, access control lists, etc., are no longer productive in detecting new generation attacks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design new methods to prevent these sophisticated cyberattacks. This paper explains the main reasons for cyberattacks and reviews the various types of cyberattacks, their vulnerabilities, detection and prevention techniques. To prevent current and future cyberattacks such technologies as machine learning, cloud platforms, big data, and blockchain can play an important role. The solutions provided by these technologies may assist in detecting malware, intrusion detection, spam identification, DNS attack classification, fraud detection, recognizing hidden channels, and distinguishing advanced persistent threats, enhancing the overall defense against sophisticated cyberattacks.
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